【財經(jīng)視點】貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)將如何傷害可持續(xù)發(fā)展？
[financial perspective] how will trade wars hurt sustainable development?
2018年7月12日，中國紡織工業(yè)聯(lián)合會發(fā)表題為《期待中美貿(mào)易盡快回歸正常軌道》的關(guān)于中美貿(mào)易問題的聲明，聲明提到：
On July 12, 2018, the China Textile Industry Federation issued a statement on Sino-US trade entitled "Looking forward to the return of Sino-US trade to normal as soon as possible." The statement mentioned:
“自2008年底中美《關(guān)于紡織品和服裝的諒解備忘錄》執(zhí)行完畢至今，中美紡織品服裝貿(mào)易全面回歸自由化，并保持平穩(wěn)、健康發(fā)展。中國紡織行業(yè)堅持以公平參與國際競爭和不斷提升對外開放水平為發(fā)展原則，積極融入全球紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)分工，全面開放商品貿(mào)易與投資準(zhǔn)入，與美國紡織制造業(yè)、商貿(mào)流通業(yè)及棉花種植業(yè)建立了穩(wěn)定、高效、互利的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、供應(yīng)鏈合作關(guān)系。中國紡織行業(yè)為美國消費者提供了大量高性價比的優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品，為美國紡織業(yè)及關(guān)聯(lián)產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)造了眾多就業(yè)崗位。
"Since the implementation of the Memorandum of Understanding on Textiles and Clothing between China and the United States at the end of 2008, Sino-US trade in textiles and clothing has fully returned to liberalization and maintained steady and healthy development. China's textile industry adheres to the principle of fair participation in international competition and continuous improvement of the level of opening up to the outside world, actively integrates into the global division of labor in the textile industry, opens up commodity trade and investment access in an all-round way, and establishes a stable, efficient and mutually beneficial industrial chain and supply with the textile manufacturing industry, commercial circulation industry and cotton planting industry of the United States. Chain cooperation. China's textile industry has provided a large number of high-quality products with high performance-price ratio for American consumers, and created many jobs for American textile industry and related industries.
構(gòu)建負(fù)責(zé)任的可持續(xù)發(fā)展模式是國際貿(mào)易與經(jīng)濟(jì)合作領(lǐng)域的共同原則。中國紡織行業(yè)始終重視社會責(zé)任建設(shè)，率先推動社會責(zé)任價值融入產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，在完善就業(yè)環(huán)境、助力精準(zhǔn)扶貧、建立綠色產(chǎn)業(yè)體系、開展綠色貿(mào)易、順應(yīng)全球化發(fā)展趨勢、尊重和遵從國際經(jīng)貿(mào)規(guī)則等方面取得了重要成就，得到了世界銀行、聯(lián)合國等國際機構(gòu)的認(rèn)可，美國貿(mào)易代表辦公室曾評價《CSC9000T中國紡織服裝企業(yè)社會責(zé)任管理體系》是引導(dǎo)企業(yè)遵循法律法規(guī)的最佳實踐。
Constructing a responsible sustainable development mode is a common principle in the field of international trade and economic cooperation. China's textile industry has always attached great importance to the construction of social responsibility and taken the lead in promoting the integration of the value of social responsibility into industrial development. It has made important achievements in perfecting the employment environment, helping poverty alleviation, establishing a green industrial system, developing green trade, following the trend of globalization, respecting and abiding by international economic and trade rules, etc. With the approval of the World Bank, the United Nations and other international organizations, the Office of the United States Trade Representative has evaluated the CSC9000T China Textile and Garment Enterprise Social Responsibility Management System as the best practice to guide enterprises to comply with laws and regulations.
當(dāng)前，中美貿(mào)易摩擦升級，紡織全行業(yè)愿以國家利益為根本立場，進(jìn)一步深化轉(zhuǎn)型升級，大力加強責(zé)任發(fā)展，化解美方不合理加稅行為帶來的負(fù)面影響。紡織行業(yè)也一致期待中美貿(mào)易問題能夠得到妥善處理，盡快回歸正常軌道。”
At present, Sino-US trade frictions have escalated, and the textile industry is willing to take national interests as the fundamental position, further deepen the transformation and upgrading, vigorously strengthen the development of responsibility, and resolve the negative impact of unreasonable tax increases by the United States. The textile industry also unanimously expects the Sino-US trade issue to be properly handled and returned to normal as soon as possible.
這份聲明提到了中國紡織服裝企行業(yè)從負(fù)責(zé)任、可持續(xù)發(fā)展角度推進(jìn)國際貿(mào)易與經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的努力，清晰地展現(xiàn)了自由、開放的貿(mào)易與公平和可持續(xù)的全球發(fā)展之間的因果關(guān)系，同時也表達(dá)了貿(mào)易爭端危及全球可持續(xù)發(fā)展事業(yè)的擔(dān)憂。
The statement refers to the efforts of China's textile and garment enterprises to promote international trade and economic cooperation from the perspective of responsible and sustainable development. It clearly demonstrates the causal relationship between free and open trade and fair and sustainable global development. It also expresses that trade disputes endanger the cause of global sustainable development. Worry.
的確，貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)會從很多方面?zhèn)ω?fù)責(zé)任的企業(yè)行為與可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
Indeed, trade wars will hurt responsible corporate behavior and sustainable development in many ways.
首先，自由和開放的貿(mào)易是公平貿(mào)易和公平的全球化的前提，貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)將可能使這一前提不復(fù)存在。全球性的企業(yè)社會責(zé)任運動，肇始于美國服裝業(yè)跨國公司在全球范圍內(nèi)自由配置資源的同時解決其亞洲供應(yīng)商層面勞工挑戰(zhàn)的壓力和需求，同時在客觀上也有助于締造一個對所有供應(yīng)鏈參與者更加公平的貿(mào)易環(huán)境和負(fù)責(zé)任、可持續(xù)的全球化。在過去將近三十年里，美國跨國公司面臨的這種壓力和需求一直都是促使全球貿(mào)易更加公平、包容和可持續(xù)的最主要驅(qū)動力之一。中國紡織服裝行業(yè)的社會責(zé)任建設(shè)正是回應(yīng)這種壓力和需求的結(jié)果。
First, free and open trade is a prerequisite for fair trade and fair globalization, and trade wars are likely to make that premise disappear. The global CSR movement began with the free allocation of resources by US garment multinationals worldwide while addressing the pressures and demands of their Asian supplier-level labor challenges. It also objectively contributed to creating a more equitable trading environment and accountability for all supply chain participants. Sustained globalization. Over the past three decades, the pressures and demands faced by American multinational corporations have been one of the main drivers of a more equitable, inclusive and sustainable global trade. The social responsibility construction of China's textile and garment industry is responding to the pressure and demand.
2007年，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織中國投資專家KenDavies在實地參訪了正在執(zhí)行CSC9000T（中國紡織服裝企業(yè)社會責(zé)任管理體系）的四家供應(yīng)美歐品牌的廣東供應(yīng)商企業(yè)后曾指出：“就這些工廠所展現(xiàn)出的在負(fù)責(zé)任企業(yè)行為領(lǐng)域的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而言，它們可以是中國其他企業(yè)所效仿的榜樣”。實際上，貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)將首先使美國及其跨國公司失去對全球范圍內(nèi)的供應(yīng)商等合作伙伴的影響力，從而減緩甚至逆轉(zhuǎn)負(fù)責(zé)任、可持續(xù)全球供應(yīng)鏈的構(gòu)建。
In 2007, Ken Davies, a Chinese investment expert from the World Economic Cooperation Organization, visited four Cantonese suppliers that are implementing the CSC9000T (China Textile and Garment Enterprise Social Responsibility Management System) to supply American and European brands and said, "On the basis of the high standards that these factories exhibit in the field of responsible enterprise behavior, It can be an example that other Chinese enterprises follow. " In fact, trade wars will first deprive the United States and its multinational corporations of their influence on partners such as suppliers worldwide, thereby slowing down or even reversing the construction of responsible, sustainable global supply chains.
其次，自由貿(mào)易是保持市場對可持續(xù)發(fā)展的信心的基石，貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)將嚴(yán)重挫傷互信基礎(chǔ)。自由和開放的貿(mào)易是各方致力于構(gòu)建公平、可持續(xù)的全球化的心理基礎(chǔ)和機制保障。全球供應(yīng)鏈的可持續(xù)發(fā)展是各方追求的長期市場價值，它會促使各方在自由貿(mào)易的信心基礎(chǔ)之上，不斷提高維護(hù)全球供應(yīng)鏈可持續(xù)性的能力，從而構(gòu)建實現(xiàn)共同的市場和社會價值的互信。2007年，當(dāng)中國紡織服裝行業(yè)的社會責(zé)任工作以CSC9000T的實施為依托邁入實質(zhì)行動層面，美國貿(mào)易代表辦公室在其《國家貿(mào)易評估報告》中就指出，“CSC9000T是培訓(xùn)企業(yè)的能力建設(shè)項目，是引導(dǎo)會員企業(yè)遵循中國法律法規(guī)的最佳實踐”。如果自由貿(mào)易環(huán)境受到損害，各方致力于構(gòu)建長期、可持續(xù)全球供應(yīng)鏈的心理基礎(chǔ)將受到巨大挑戰(zhàn)，從而導(dǎo)致各方更加關(guān)注短期經(jīng)濟(jì)目標(biāo)，使可持續(xù)發(fā)展成為奢侈觀念和空虛的道德說辭，而這將可能使全球供應(yīng)鏈成為越來越慘烈的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益戰(zhàn)區(qū)。
Second, free trade is the cornerstone of market confidence in sustainable development, and trade wars will seriously undermine the basis of mutual trust. Free and open trade is the psychological basis and institutional guarantee for all parties to strive for a fair and sustainable globalization. Sustainable development of global supply chain is the long-term market value pursued by all parties. It will encourage all parties to improve their ability to maintain the sustainability of global supply chain on the basis of confidence in free trade, thus building mutual trust to realize common market and social values. In 2007, when China's textile and garment industry's social responsibility work to CSC9000T implementation as a basis for substantive action level, the U.S. Trade Representative Office in its "National Trade Assessment Report" pointed out, "CSC9000T is a training enterprise capacity-building projects, is to guide member enterprises to comply with Chinese laws and regulations the best reality. Practice ". If the free trade environment is compromised, the psychological underpinnings of efforts to build a long-term, sustainable global supply chain will be greatly challenged, leading to greater attention to short-term economic goals, making sustainable development a luxury and empty moral rhetoric that could make global supply chains worse and worse. Strong economic interests.
再者，自由和開放的貿(mào)易還是確保各方合作以糾正市場內(nèi)在負(fù)面影響的根本途徑，貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)將切斷促使市場向善的合作努力。聯(lián)合國秘書長古特雷斯最近指出，“包容性的可持續(xù)發(fā)展本身就是一個目標(biāo)，也是預(yù)防各種風(fēng)險的最佳方式”。自由貿(mào)易并非全能全益的，因此需要自由貿(mào)易的所有參與者保持合作，以發(fā)現(xiàn)和糾正市場本身對社會、環(huán)境的負(fù)面影響和風(fēng)險，在最大限度內(nèi)確保貿(mào)易和市場向善，“不使一個人掉隊”（《聯(lián)合國2030可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程》）。負(fù)責(zé)任、包容、可持續(xù)的全球供應(yīng)鏈合作無疑是實現(xiàn)這一價值的最佳途徑。
Furthermore, free and open trade is the fundamental way to ensure that all parties cooperate to correct the inherent negative effects of the market, and trade wars will cut off the cooperative efforts to promote the good of the market. United Nations Secretary-General Guterres recently pointed out that "inclusive sustainable development is a goal in itself and the best way to prevent risks". Free trade is not omnipotent and therefore requires the cooperation of all participants in free trade in order to identify and correct the negative impacts of the market itself on society and the environment.
以中國紡織服裝行業(yè)的社會責(zé)任工作為例，面對各類社會責(zé)任標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、倡議之間的沖突與重復(fù)對供應(yīng)鏈各方產(chǎn)生的挑戰(zhàn)和困難，中國紡織工業(yè)聯(lián)合會聯(lián)合包括美國的SA8000、WRAP等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在內(nèi)的八個活躍于紡織服裝供應(yīng)鏈的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和倡議，合作成立了“社會責(zé)任標(biāo)準(zhǔn)合作多利益相關(guān)方顧問委員會”，共同探討和強化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)群體的一致性與互通性。而貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)將嚴(yán)重模糊全球市場各方對市場走向的共同預(yù)期，增加預(yù)防和應(yīng)對風(fēng)險的難度，進(jìn)而限制各方構(gòu)建可持續(xù)全球貿(mào)易的合作。
Taking the work of social responsibility in China's textile and garment industry as an example, in the face of the challenges and difficulties posed by various social responsibility standards, conflicts and duplication of initiatives, the China Textile Industry Federation has joined together eight standards and initiatives active in the textile and garment supply chain, including American SA8000 and WRAP standards. A multi-stakeholder Advisory Committee on social responsibility standards cooperation was set up to explore and strengthen the consistency and interoperability of the standards groups. The trade war will seriously blur the common expectations of the global market, increase the difficulty of preventing and dealing with risks, and thus limit the cooperation of all parties in building sustainable global trade.
不過，雖然貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)會從多個方面損害負(fù)責(zé)任的全球供應(yīng)鏈和可持續(xù)發(fā)展，但我們也必須認(rèn)識到，負(fù)責(zé)任的全球供應(yīng)鏈和可持續(xù)發(fā)展是不可放棄的止戰(zhàn)致和的良方，因為戰(zhàn)爭雖會傷害和平，但也會使得和平及邁向和平的努力顯得愈加珍貴。也許，反思全球社會責(zé)
However, while trade wars undermine responsible global supply chains and sustainable development in many ways, we must also recognize that responsible global supply chains and sustainable development are the best remedies for peace, which, while harming peace, can also make peace and efforts towards peace appear. More precious. Perhaps, reflecting global social responsibility.
任業(yè)界對利益相關(guān)方的實際影響，以及考驗各類可持續(xù)發(fā)展機制和機構(gòu)的時刻也因此到來了。
The practical impact of the industry on stakeholders and the time to test the various mechanisms and institutions for sustainable development have thus come.
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